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Specifics of plant mineral nutrition on serpentine soils
Škopová, Lucie ; Tylová, Edita (advisor) ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (referee)
Serpentine is a metamorphosed ultramafic rock on which a substrate with specific combinations of properties responsible for creating the typical inhospitable conditions for plant life is formed. The characteristic chemical composition of serpentine soils consists of a low ratio of Ca:Mg ions, low content of biogenic elements (P, K, N) and a high concentration of heavy metals (Co, Cr, Ni). Abiotic factors such as rocky surface, shallow soil and lack of water also hinder the life of local plant. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to summarize the complex of characteristic serpentine phenomenon that in many ways create stress conditions for plants growth. Thanks to this specificity, the serpentine areas are characterised by a specific flora and vegetation with a number of endemics. This work focuses on the specific mineral nutrition of plants and summarizes the knowledge on the mechanisms of adaptation of plants growing on serpentine substrates. I focused mainly on the typical low Ca:Mg ion ratio in serpentine soil and described the functions of these elements in plants and the stress effect of excess Mg. Throughout this work, I also address the mechanisms of uptake and transport of serpentine-relevant nutrients in the plants identified so far. In conclusion, I discuss ability of plants to survive in...
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The importance of root exudates for crop cultivation under climate change
Schnürer, Oliver ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Tylová, Edita (referee)
Root exudates are compounds secreted by plant roots that can help plants, for example, to obtain nutrients from the soil or to increase their resistance to biotic stress. Root exudates can thus hide a great potential that can be used in agriculture. As human population grows, there is increasing pressure on agriculture, which must provide enough food to feed the global population, thus ensuring food security. Until now, agricultural activity has tried to satisfy this demand by intensification of agriculture, mainly by breeding highly productive crops when using intensive fertilizing, but the theoretical possible benefits of root exudates in breeding remained overlooked. Intensive farming practices can further exacerbate the impacts of ongoing climate change, for example by increasing soil carbon mineralization or reducing biodiversity. By using root exudates in the production of crops, it will be possible to achieve a higher nutrient content in soil, as well as a higher resistance of crops to pests, without the aforementioned negative impacts of intensive agriculture. In this work, I tried to describe the main functions of root exudates, their reaction to increased CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, their stress response caused by stressors of climate change and their theoretical use in...
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Cell biology of iron transport in plants.
Batík, Adam ; Žárský, Viktor (advisor) ; Tylová, Edita (referee)
Plants use iron as a cofactor of proteins used in photosynthetic systems, electron transport chain and many more. Iron bioavailability for plants in soil is low because it tends to oxidise and create insoluable compounds.For this reasonplants haveevolvedtwo distinct iron uptake mechanisms.Because of the iron toxicitycaused by production ofreactiveoxygen species via the Fenton reaction and the unspecific transport of metals other than iron, plants have to regulate cellular iron concentrationtightly.Theyhave evolved a complex system of signalling networks that has recently begun to uncover. In additionto the regulation ofiron uptake, the plant cell combats iron toxicity by sequestering iron into storage organelles and by chelating it. Iron is essential for seed sprouting but this work is focused on transport of iron into the plant from the soil,subcellulartransportandlongdistance transport ofironin the vasculature.
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Minerální výživa u nosnic
Bielanová, Milena
Abstract The work summarizes the basic knowledge of physiological digestion and egg production and mineral nutrition of laying hens. It deals about need of minerals for the proper development of the poultry skeleton and for the production of quality eggs with a minimum number of non-quality eggs with a broken shell, or without the shell. Part is also devoted to disorders of the organism in case of improper supply of mineral substances. The last chapter deals with the analysis and assessment of 10 mixtures for pull-ets from the 17th week of age to 2 % of laying and 10 mixtures for laying hens up to 45 weeks of age. Of the tested mixtures, comparing the calcium and phosphorus content with the standard of nutrients need for the category, only one feed mixture was satisfactory for pullets from the 17th week of age, although had an 8 % lower nitrogen compounds content, and no one mixture from all the mixtures for layers to 45 week of laying corresponded to the nutrients need. The findings show that com-pound feed manufacturers should monitor the composition of the mixtures and the quality of the components more closely and check the mixed mixtures at the outlet before the sale to avoid unnecessary litigation between compound feed producers and egg producers.
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Vliv podnožové odrůdy na příjem živin a kvalitu u vybrané PIWI odrůdy
Šimoníková, Lenka
Influence of rootstock variety on nutrient intake and quality of selected PIWI variety The thesis looks into a research of the rootstocks and their influence on the minerals in various phenophases at two PIWI varieties (Hibernal and Cerason). Furthermore it deals with the influence of the rootstocks on the qualitative parameters (sugar content, acids, assimilable nitrogen). The research was implement on an experiment in the school vineyard of Mendel University, Faculty of Horticulture in Lednice. There is a suitable advice to the various rootstocks in a conclusion.
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